Showing posts with label conversational Hindi. Show all posts
Showing posts with label conversational Hindi. Show all posts

Thursday, January 28, 2010

College Essay (Unedited)

Thought I'd share a rough college app essay I wrote about my experiences in learning Hindi.

3. Select some experience from which you have derived exceptional benefit and describe it, explaining its importance to you.

I am accustomed to looking like a barking chicken. Whenever I tell people that I am teaching myself Hindi, I get one of two reactions: blank stares (typically from my “gori”, American friends) or “Va! Aap kaafi aachhi Hindi bolti hain!”, which is really far too much praise from a native speaker for muttering a shy “Kya tum Hindi bolte ho?” (Do you speak Hindi?)

In Hindi, you answer the phone “Victory to Vishnu!” You drink a cigarette; the night spreads; you eat a beating. You eat the sun. (Dhoop khaana means ‘sunbathing.’) One misplaced m, and you’re no longer saying ‘weather’ but ‘husband of maternal aunt’. You have to think in sentences whose verbs go at the end, to the effect of producing vertigo: ‘to the school the teacher the child is taking.’ The future and the past are summed up in the same word: kal. In Hindi, everything is right now, and also forever. When you consider that the Hindi word for ‘today’ also means ‘come here’ and ‘right now,’ your heart beats a little faster; you begin to panic. A Fatboy Slim track runs through your head. Language does something to us. It’s something exhilarating and at times transcendent, all in a way that feels deeply corporeal. With every new word, we become slightly different, not quite our old selves.

I always have to remind myself that the joy of learning Hindi is that it isn’t easy. Every new word curling against the page is so abstract from the limitations of my Western-thinking mind, sometimes even one new sound, one new arrangement of a sentence, can open up a whole new world inside my mind. Lakshya, meaning ‘luck’, brings the faint remembrance of marigold-scented Holi cards opened on my way to school on a blustery March day – the winds of fate. Prerna, ‘inspiration’, recalls the quiet harmony of a spring morning overlooking a lake, humming radio rock tunes with a group of people I have just met the night before – not a moment of understanding, but a moment of not needing to understand. Aakaash, the Hindi word for ‘sky’, offers the anticipatory taste of a summer hail storm on the tongue – a momentary flash of Krishna-blue lightning. Intizaar, ‘longing’, is the gulping moment between a classmate asking you on a date and your response. To me, these aren’t just words. These are Lilliputian victories; the foundational blocks of a seemingly alternate universe. There is an old Czech proverb: you live a new life for every new language you speak. It’s as if I’m feeling the universe expand beneath my very feet.

And yet, things crumble. There is no word for ‘handicapped’, only “somewhat decrepit.” My sense of virtue is thrown through a loop when I learn that the ultimate act of devotion for a Hindu wife is to become a satima, accomplished by casting her body onto her husband’s flaming funeral pyre. The practice was outlawed during British rule in the 1800s, but old habits die hard in India. Halfway through a conversation about Indian impoverishment and sex trafficking, a girl I’ve just met tells me that her grandmother was Indian. Cherokee, in fact. I am appalled when I ask a friend in faltering Hindi – partially incompetence, partially the knot of tears in my throat – if it is true that the police beat the lower castes without reason. “Zaroor! Ve apne maar arjeet ki hai,” he laughs. Of course. They have earned their reasons, he says – he is referring, of course, to karma, a concept most westerners only give a passing nod.

It doesn’t take long to realize that language is fleeting, fragile. The sense of power you once wielded with the pen is diminished. You are silent. You can barely excuse yourself to scuttle off to the bathroom, even though your ego feels as though it’s been tossed in a blender and, at any second, you just know you’re going to throw up. Curled over the sink, you find a jar of Fair and Lovely cream on the countertop; impulsively empty it into the toilet. You realize that intelligence, like beauty, is relative; largely a point of vanity. With each new word, something you thought you knew for sure in your mother tongue is stripped away. You feel raw, exposed. Brought to your knees, you begin to appreciate life in a whole new light.

Tuesday, November 17, 2009

Hindi Words of Arabic Origin

When I was in the tenth grade, I studied a little bit of Arabic before concentrating on Hindi. Hindi has been influenced a great deal by the Arabic language, and a hybrid tongue, Urdu, is even spoken in Pakistan. Knowing the Arabic alphabet and being able to read Urdu script really helped to east the transition between English to Hindi, I think. So if you are interested in learning Hindi but don't have access to a school with lessons (which I completely understand - they're impossible to find), try taking an Arabic course instead. Though not terribly common, Arabic lessons are simpler to find than Hindi ones. And of course, Arabic is a particularly important language to have some knowledge of in order to understand current events.

अदब (adab) – good manners
आदत (adat) – custom; tradition
ऐना (aina) - eye
ऐनक (ainak) – glasses (from Arabic أين)
अजीब (ajib) – strange
अक्ल (akl) – intellect (from Arabic عقل)
आलम (alam) – the universe
अलीम (alim) – learned
आशिक (ashik) – lover (from Arabic عشيق)
अजं (azam) – great (as in ‘मुग़ल इ अजं’, great Mughal empire)
अजमत (azmat) - greatness
अज़ीज़ (aziz) – dear; अजिजी is a girls’ name
दुनिया (duniya) – world (not in the geographic sense)
कसम (kasam) – promise
वक़्त (waqt) – time
सब्र (sabr) - patience
जन्नत (jannat) - heaven
मुसाफिर (musafir) – traveler
मुश्कील, मुसीबत (mushkil, musiibat) – problem
आमिर (amir) – rich
शहीद, कुर्बानी (shaheed, qurbaani) – sacrifice
इंसान (insaan) – man
जिस्म (jism) – body
ख्याल (khayal) – hopes; dreams, i.e. “I Had a Dream” by Martin Luther King
माफ़ (maaf) – forgive
हवा (hawa) – wind; air
अलीम (alim) – scientist
ग़म (gham) – a sort of pain; sadness
बस (bas) – enough! That’s it!
इन्तिज़ार (intizaar) – to wait
काफी (kaphi) – enough, sufficient
मदद (madad) – help
मोहबत (mohabbat) – love; a general context
इश्क (ishq) – love between two people
महबूबा (mehbooba) – my lover
ग़लत (galat) – wrong; i.e. क्या ग़लत है?; What’s wrong?
सवाल (sawal) – question
जवाब (jawab) – answer
दिमाघ (dimagh) – brain
मतलब (matlab) – asking for something (from Arabic تالاب)
किताब (kitab) – book
मौज्रिम (moojrim) - criminal
इशारा (isharaa) – a sign
कुर्सी (kursi) – chair
दौकने (doukane) - store
हकीकत (hakikat) – the truth
इन्सान (insaan) – a person; human being
यानि (yani) – meaning [that]… (a common sentence-filler like ‘um’, ‘yeah’, or ‘well…’)

A Lesson in Learning Hindi Through English

English is a hybrid of many different tongues, including Hindi. Can you believe it? You've been speaking Hindi all your life and never knew it.

Some common words:

Anaconda – from Sinhalese henakandaya, “whip snake”
Bandana – from Bandhna, “to tie a scarf around the head”
Bangle – from Baangri, a type of bracelet
Bungalow – from Banglaa, lit. “a Bengali house”
Candy – from Sanskrit khanda, “sugar”
Cashmere – from Kashmir, the Himalayan state in India where wool is from
Cheetah – from c’itaa, “speckled”
Cot – from Khat, a portable bed
Cushy – from khushi, “happy, soft, comfortable”
Himalaya – from himalayah, “place of snow”
Indigo – from the Indus river; a tropical pea plant that can be used to make dark blue dye
Jungle – from jangal, “forest”
Khaki – “dust colored”
Loot – from luta, meaning “to steal”
Mango – from Malay manga or Tamil manaky, a fruit
Mongol – from Mughal, an Indian emperor
Mugger – from magar, meaning “crocodile”
Orange – from niranj, “orange”
Pariah – from pariah, an untouchable Tamil caste
Pundit – from pandit, an educated person
Sentry – from santri, “armed guard”
Shampoo – from champoo, “to massage”; i.e. to massage the scalp
Swastika – originally an Indian symbol denoting good luck. From svastika, “well-being”
Thug – from thag, “thief”

Monday, October 12, 2009

Conversational Hindi - Lesson 2




दूसरो से प्रेम करना अपने आप से प्रेम करना है।

duusri se prem karna aapne aap se prem karna hai.

To love others is to love yourself.



सच्चा प्रेम दुर्लभ है, सच्ची मित्रता और भी दुर्लभ है।

sachha prem duliibh hai, sachhi mithra aur bhi duliibh hai.

True love is rare, true friendship is even more rare.



मुस्कान प्रेम की भाषा है।

muskaan prem ki bhaba hai.

A smile is the language of love.



बिना अनुभव के कोरा शाब्दिक ज्ञान अंधा है।

bina anubhab ke kera shaabdik jaan athha hai.

Knowledge without experience is literally blank.


जैसा अन्न, वैसा मन।

jaisa anna, vaisa man.

As the grain, like mind.


अहिंसा सर्वोत्तम धर्म है।
ahimsa sawoutam thhamii hai.

Nonviolence is the best religion.


बहुमत की आवाज न्याय का द्योतक नही है।

bahumat ki aawaj nyaya ka gheitak nahi hai.

Justice is not indicative of the majority's voice.

अन्याय मे सहयोग देना, अन्याय के ही समान है।

aanyay mei sahayeg dena, aanyay ke hi samaan hai.

To cooperate in injustice, injustice is the same.

Friday, October 9, 2009

Conversational Hindi - Lesson 1

I thought that it would perhaps be interesting to start a series of posts on conversational Hindi. There are a few sites on the internet that teach Hindi vocabulary, but seem to overlook the wonderfully unique way of phrasing things that Indians have. You can study Hindi grammar and vocabulary for days, months, even years - but never be understood by native speakers, only because you cannot literally translate English sayings into Hindi sayings.


So, let's start with the basics.


This YouTube video does a good job of noting the difference between the ways that Hindi is spoken versus written.


There are three main variants of Hindi in India. First is Hindi proper, which is the official language of India and uses lots of Sanskrit loanwords. Secondly, there is Urdu, which is practically indistinguishable from Hindi aside from three important differences: Urdu uses the Persian-Arabic script, uses lots of Persian-Arabic loanwords, and it is mainly used by Muslims in the northwestern states and Pakistan. Thirdly, there is Hindustani, which is a neutral blend of the two. It is used in regular, informal speech. The standard dialect of Hindi is Khariboli.


Namaste (नमस्ते) is the typical greeting. It can mean both 'hello' and 'goodbye'. Namaskar (नमस्कार) is a more formal variant of namaste. But if you really want to show respect to someone - and in Indian society, this means someone who is your elder or your superior - the proper greeting is Pranaam, ji (प्रणाम, जी). Generally, the word ji (जी) is used to denote respect. All of these greetings are accompanied by a palms-together, hands-at-the-heart gesture. A slight bow is also appropriate - but slight is the watchword. In fact, a polite nod will often do. A fulling bending bow as we see in other eastern Asian societies is unnecessary.

Aap se mil ker buhut khushi hui (आप से मिल केर बहुत ख़ुशी हुई) is an approximate transliteration of 'pleased to meet you'. The pronunciation of 'bahut' (बहुत) is a bit different from the way it appears to be written.

Now, the speaker in the video claims that to say 'How are you?', you would say Kaise hain aap? (कैसे हैं आप?) I do not doubt that he is being authentic, but in truth, I have never heard it spoken this way before. I am most familiar with Aap kaise hain? (आप कैसे हैं?)

Aap ka naam kya hai? (आप का नाम क्या है?) - 'What is your name?'

Mera naam Gracie hai. (मेरा नाम ग्रसी है) - 'My name is Gracie.'

Aap ka shubh naam? (आप का शुभ नाम?) Oftentimes, you will be asked for your "good name." An example of a proper response would be:

Mera naam sriram hai. (मेरा नाम श्रीराम है) - 'My name is Sri (Mr.) Ram.' Your good name would be Mr. (Sri - श्री) or Mrs. (Srimati - श्रीमती) Full Name. The prefix kumari [(कुमारी) - lit. 'virgin'] is used for unmarried girls. If you are an unmarried woman, shushri (शुश्री) is the modern equivalent of Ms.

As with the prefixes, you can show someone respect by adding Sahib (साहिब) or Begum Sahib (बेगम साहिब) after their last name. 'Sahib' is used for men, whereas 'begum sahib' is used for women.

There is an interesting blog post by gappa on the different surnames across the states of India. Indian names can be quite confusing at times. The naming system is completely different than the western system of First, Middle, Last names.

Anyway, perhaps I'll dedicate an entire post to addressing Indian people properly some other time. Let's keep going, shall we? Almost done.

Aap kahan ke rehne wale hain? - (आप कहाँ के रहने वाले हैं?) Where are you from?

Mein Dilli ka rehne wali hoon. - (में दिल्ली का रहने वाली हूँ) I am from (Delhi). [Feminine]
Mein Dilli ka rehne wala hoon. - (मैं दिल्ली का रहने वाला हूँ) I am from (Delhi). [Masculine]
Note the difference between wali and wala. The distinction between feminine and masculine is very easy to remember in Hindi. Feminine words end in -i while masculine words end in -a.


That's all for today! Don't worry if you cannot read the Devanagari script for now. I think it will be easier to understand it if you know how to say a few things in Hindi first, just as a child learns to speak a few words before learning to read.